Wednesday, October 30, 2019
OPEC's Failure in the 1980s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
OPEC's Failure in the 1980s - Essay Example The oil market of the early 1980's saw supply increase as producers found the higher price was worth the opportunity cost to produce more (Tucker, 63). Consumers, willing to conserve at those same high prices, decreased consumption and OPEC was forced to obey the Law of Supply and Demand while its diminished market share neutralized the cartel effect. OPEC, formed in 1960, had seen steadily falling value in a barrel of oil until key events of the 1970's reversed that trend. Arab solidarity in response to Israel's involvement in the Yom Kippur war of 1973 triggered an oil embargo on nations supporting Israel. OPEC's ability to act in concert while controlling a large percentage of the supply resulted in a market shortage. Consumers were immediately faced with few, if any, practical product alternatives. However, new producers entered the market to produce in locations that were now profitable at these prices. The North Sea began production and the Soviet Union peaked at 12 million barrels per day making it, a non-OPEC member, the world's top producer ("Supply"). The high price also made new technologies feasible that would have not been economical at the lower prices. These forces combined to increase supply. Consumers also reacted by reducing consumption.
Monday, October 28, 2019
The Truth about Non Organic foods Essay Example for Free
The Truth about Non Organic foods Essay In today’s society, an individual can go into the grocery store to pick up some â€Å"fresh†lettuce and garnishing’s for a salad and think that they are doing something good for both them self and for the environment. This same person will likely purchase low calorie snacks, sugar free desserts, and perhaps even Splenda and then live under the misconception that they are in fact eating a â€Å"healthy†diet. Yet, within the so-called fresh salad and the other products mentioned above, are little secrets; secrets that most food sellers don’t want consumers to know. In fact, these types of products are what are commonly referred to as non-organic. Non-organic foods include chemicals and fertilizers and can be defined as deprived of living. As opposed to organic foods which are foods produced by using organic farming. Here, the word organic refers to the way the farmers grow and process these agricultural products, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products and meat. Organic farming practices are designed to encourage soil and water conversation and reduce pollution. Farmers who grow organic produce and meat dont use conventional methods to fertilize, or to control weeds and prevent livestock disease. For example, rather than using chemical weed killers, organic farmers may conduct more sophisticated crop rotations and spread mulch to keep seeds at bay. There are, of course many supporters of nonorganic food, who argue that there is little difference between non organic and organic food. According to a recent 2012 study conducted at Harvard University, eating organic fruits and vegetables may lower exposure to pesticides, however the amount measured from non-organic foods is still within safety limits, making it safe and still healthy for consumers to eat non organic products†(47). However, there are a growing number of critics of nonorganic food, who argue that nonorganic produce contain a larger amount of pesticides and chemicals that have been linked to cancer, problems with pregnancy, and development issues in children. These critics also argue that non organic produce have been found to contain a lot less nutrition when compared to organic produces. It seems clear after a careful consideration of all the issues that nonorganic foods are, in fact, harmful to the body. The most harmful aspect of nonorganic foods is the presence of chemicals, many of which are linked to cancer and other life-threatening diseases. Non organic foods are full of preservatives, pesticides, and chemicals proven to cause cancer. Pesticides are classified as a toxin, which means that they kill living things. These toxins are often sprayed on the nonorganic foods available in the marketplace. The problem with these toxins is the large amount of health problems they have been linked to. In terms of current scientific data, it is becoming clear that these types of these toxins do in fact cause Cancer and other life threatening diseases. Indeed, the Breast Cancer Awareness Society in Birmingham, Alabama alerts consumers about the link between pesticides and cancer: Pesticides sprayed on Crops, antibiotics used on poultry, and hormones injected into cattle, sheep and hogs expose Consumers involuntarily to contaminants that become part of our bodies . Some of these exposures our found to increase breast cancer risk. (#) In addition, the chemicals associated with nonorganic foods are also linked to a wide range of human health hazards, ranging from short-term impacts such as headaches and nausea to chronic effects like cancer, reproductive issues and endocrine disruption and even acute dangers, such as nerve, and eye irritation, as well as headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, and systemic poisoning. The newest USDA research adds to the growing body of evidence that shows pesticide exposure weakens the immune system, making people more susceptible to parasites and pathogens. A dramatic example of the difference between organic and nonorganic food is the case of my Aunt Amanda, who in 2012 was diagnosed with three types of cancer, including breast Cancer. Aunt Amanda had heard about a treatment called the Gorgons diet, a diet formulated around the eating of strictly organic foods. Amanda decided to follow this diet and ultimately, by sticking to this diet and removing all forms of nonorganic food from her diet, her cancer has gone into remission. And now, she has been full of energy and life ever since. Although this is only one case, nevertheless, this particular example raises questions about the validity of nonorganic foods and perhaps, the usefulness of organic foods in reversing harmful diseases. Nonorganic foods, also, tend to contain less vitamins than their organic counterparts and this, likewise, mitigates their use both as a proper food source and as a source of nutrition. First of all, nonorganic foods are very low in terms of vitamins. A two-year study led by John Reganold of Washington State University provided side-by-side comparisons of organic and conventional strawberry farms has shown organic farms produced more flavorful and nutritious berries while promoting healthier and more genetically diverse soils. According to †¦..[results] [(47)]. Another study was conducted by The Organic Center and professors from the University of Florida Department of Horticulture and Washington State University. This study foundthat there was a 25 percent higher concentration of 11 nutrients than their conventional counterparts (47). Obviously, as these studies tend to confirm, Organic foods really are better for an individual. And, in fact, as Florida study showed, organic foo ds are more nutritious than ordinary produce and may in fact lengthen peoples lives.(47). Obviously, organic foods are not only an alternative route to remaining safe from pesticides and chemical, but also these foods are healthier in the sense that they carry a larger amount of nutrition. Of course, many supporters of nonorganic foods will argue that organic foods are more expensive. But when we look at the facts, organic foods are really not that much higher priced Indeed, the slight differences in price do not compensate for all the harmful effects described previously. A sensible, health-conscious consumer will see the logic of spending a few more pennies and gaining in terms of overall health in their diet. Granted, organic food does tend to be pricier than other food sources conventional, a box of organic cereal will definitely carry a higher price tag than the cheap conventional store-brand version. But it is also possible, without much effort, to fill a shopping cart with a week’s worth of conventional foods and pay more than you would for a week’s worth of organic food. Conducting my own research at the supermarket, I compared the cost of a homemade lunchbox, filled with organic foods, with that of a typical Kraftâ⠂¬â„¢s Lunchable, which seems to be perpetually on sale, at $2.50. As it turns out, the homemade lunch (containing organic bread with organic hummus, organic cheddar cheese, an organic apple, organic carrots and organic raisins) costs less than a Lunch able (a typical box contains crackers or flatbread, Oscar Mayer ham, American cheese, applesauce, a cookie or a bag of candy, and a juice box). It seems obvious that the price differences is not truly a problem, because with careful consideration a person can easily spend as much on organic food as they typically would spend on nonorganic foods. When one examines all the evidence provided above it becomes clear that non organic Foods are in fact harmful to the human race. It doesn’t take much sense to realize that foods grown with chemicals and pesticides sprayed on them all which are linked to causing health issues as big as cancer are something people should try and stay away from. There are healthier Alternatives none as organic foods, placed under a myth that they are more expensive, when in fact above it was discovered they can actually cause less. It’s clear to see here nonorganic foods are not a healthy choice and should be avoided as much as possible.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Mycosis Fungoides Essay -- Biology, T Cells
Mycosis fungoides is a main subtype of a cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), in which a heterogeneous collection of lymphomas develop into malignant cancer cells, primarily affecting the skin. This disease can be distinguished from other cutaneous T cell lymphomas by its unique clinical and histologic features (Armitage et al., 2010). Mycosis fungoides can be treated several different ways and is dependent on several factors such as the stage of the cancer, health of the patient, presenting symptoms and patient-specific issues (Parker & Bradley, 2006). Traditional therapies for mycosis fungoides involved radiation therapy, oral psoralen with UVA light therapy and narrow- and broadband UVB light therapy. Recently, novel therapies have been established to treat CTCL and several of them are starting to become routine therapies for the erythrodermic subgroup of mycosis fungoides. This paper will discuss the historical background of the disease as well as the new techniques that have been u sed within the past few years and the traditional methods of treatment. T cells are genetically prepared to protect and survey the human body from any environmental stressors, foreign agents and malignancy. Some of these T cells are programmed to protect the skin. Once the body is infected with T lymphocytes, the T cells infiltrate the skin, work together to eradicate the allergen and eventually they undergo the process of natural cell death. However, when specific skin-homing T lymphocytes infect the skin, they then clonally expand and are sometimes unable to exit the skin compartment. Once the lymphocytes accumulate within the skin, the reaction is then known as a rash. This proliferation of abnormal cloning of T cells within the skin distinguishes ... ...ter researching mycosis fungoides, I have learned that the cause of this disease is unknown and unless detected at an early stage, it is most likely not curable. What are fortunate for patients with mycosis fungoides are the numerous therapeutic options which I find to be remarkable. Since the treatment options are mainly palliative, I have realized the goals of therapy for this disease are symptom relief and consideration for their quality of life. Although most techniques are chosen based upon clinical stage of the disease, what I find most promising is total skin electron beam radiation therapy. With this type of technology being around for several years, and continuously updating to modern techniques, I find it most beneficial to patients. However, there are several options available for patients and being able to combine different therapies is in their favor.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Encephalitis - Essay examples -- essays research papers
ENCEPHALITIS Encephalitis literally means an inflammation of the brain, but it usually refers to brain inflammation caused by a virus. It may also be called “acute viral encephalitis or aseptic encephalitis';. Encephalitis is an infectious disease of the Central Nervous System characterized by pathologic changes in both the gray and white matter of the spinal cord and brain. It may be due to specific disease entity such as rabies or an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus), or it may occur as a sequela of influenza, measles, German measles, chicken pox, herpes virus infection, small pox, vaccinia, or other diseases. The specific viruses involved may vary. Exposure can also occur through insect bites, food or drink, or skin contact. Once the virus has entered the blood stream, it can localize the brain causing inflammation of brain cells and surrounding measures. White blood cells invade the brain tissue as they try to fight off the infection. The brain tissue swells (cerebral edema) and can cause destruction of nerve cells, bleeding with in the brain (intracerebral hemorrhage), and brain damage. This can cause neurologic deficits such as parplysis, speech changes, increased intracranial pressure, respiratory failure, seizure disorders, and shock can occur. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Mild cases absent superficial reflexes Sudden fever ***               exaggerated deep tendon reflexes Poor appetite                    opisthotnos Loss of energy                    nuchal rigidity General sick feeling               increases resp. tract problems Severe Cases High fever                         sore throat Severe HA ***                    malaise N/V ***                       ... ...rin 90% resp. tract infection 5 to 7% prior illnes (chicken pox) S/S: 5-7 days after viral illness, n/v, mental changes, lethargy, indifference, confusion, delirious, rapid breathing as progresses breathing sluggish, seizures, coma may die TX: no cure support heart, lung, and brain function Keep blood levels balanced. ICU. Blood samples, I&O, adjusting blood by IV, b/p, icp, breathing monitored 1st recognized in 1963 by acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of liver and pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes. Mortality rate as high as 80% S/S: hepatomegaly without jaundice in 40%, encephalopathy and altered liver function, combative behavior TX: blood electrolytes controlled carefully, liver biopsy NI: Neurological assessment, temp, alleviate hyperthermia, seizure precautions, I&O, impaired hepatic function, (signs of bleeding), tell don’t give aspirin. Peak incidence age 6. 1st noted in 1974 with 400 cases following epidemics of influenza B outbreak and chicken pox TX: aggressive support to correct metabolic abnormalities (hypoglycemia) and hemorrhage from blood clotting disorders Since 1987 no more than 35 cases/yr nation wide (usually
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Online Shopping vs Traditional Shopping Essay
Shopping always has been associated with long, dragging lines, parking issues, and the hassle of driving around from store to store until we finally find what we need; but not anymore. Online shopping has given people the freedom to shop at home wearing only their pajamas and still get what they want. Although this might seem like the answer to prayers of many people, online shopping has its flaws as does traditional shopping. To facilitate this decision we have to see if online shopping can measure up to the purchasing power of traditional shopping. To do this we need to weigh both methods to see how they compare to one another. Online and traditional shopping offer choices to shoppers; knowing the risks and benefits of both alternatives is necessary for them to make a smart decision. Online Shopping: When it comes to online shopping the idea of shopping in the comfort of your own home is very appealing to most people. You also have the choice of browsing different sites to find what you need instead of wasting gas and time driving around different stores. Also, many people dread standing in long lines especially during the holiday season. Online shopping offers a retreat from these situations. Another good thing about online shopping is that things are easy to find online. You just type whatever it is your looking for on a search engine and you will get many suggestions of sites on the item. And perhaps the best feature of all is the price reduction offered by the online option. The reason for this is because taxes seem to be lower or nonexistent on some products in some states when shopping online. Online shopping also prevents consumers from walking around with a big wad of money that can be easily lost or stolen. The flaws of online shopping usually come between the reliability of the websites, the risk of identity theft, and the risk of credit card fraud committed by computer hackers. There is also a risk of running into a website that can infect your computer with various kinds of viruses. Reading online reviews about certain websites can sometimes help in this matter. Quality is sometimes an issue with online shopping because you don’t physically see or try out the product before you make the purchase. That is a huge turn off for most people because research has shown that motor skills are very important when it comes to activities such as shopping and people just plain and simple want to see and test out what they are purchasing. For example, ladies want to test out the new perfumes but cannot do that through the computer. Sometimes there are certain items people like to try out and physically see what it looks like on them, but obviously they can’t do that online. Another disadvantage to online shopping is the fact that you have to wait to receive your item. So, if you are in a rush then you are out of luck. This probably means that grocery shopping online is not a good idea. Method of payment is another risk by itself. Usually credit cards are the preferred method but sometime you can use PayPal. But, it is risky to use credit cards online because you don’t know who is looking at your information. With that being said, it is probably a good idea to make sure you are using a good anti-virus program before going on a shopping spree online. Traditional Shopping: In traditional shopping you simply get in your car, drive to your favorite store (possibly with a friend with you) and buy what you want. It is an opportunity to socialize as well as having the excitement of being in a store with millions of products which you can see and try before you purchase. This method allows you to get the item right now without having to worry about the product being lost in the mail. Also, if you don’t like something or if something doesn’t fit you can just simply take it back to the store and get a refund or your money back instantly rather than waiting for the postal service. Conventional shopping has a certain vibe or electricity to it which is hard to experience from a computer. Traditional shopping sounds great; however it does have its issues. Some of the problems with traditional shopping include gas money spent driving around to different stores looking for what you want. Sometimes what we are looking for might be available in a store in a different state. And that makes it pretty impractical to obtain that item which leaves us to basically wait until it comes to our favorite store. Also, trying to find parking at big department stores and malls can be very troublesome. Some people simply forget where they parked. Some people accidently lock the car keys in the car, or sometimes we have to deal with traffic jams that cause unnecessary stress. It is just the overall consumption of time and energy that most people find difficult. You will also experience a phenomenon known as shopping rage which is more common during the holidays. People get tired and frustrated during the holidays and let their frustration out on other people when shopping. It is very uncomfortable in those situations especially if you have your kids w ith you at the store while shopping. This is something you won’t have to deal with when you are safe at home on your computer. The online shopping industry is growing more and more and there is good reason to believe that this growth will continue. One major factor to this prediction is that people are in fact saving money online because of the vast availability of items and because of the competition this creates among online stores. Despite its advantages, online shopping is still a relatively new concept for most people and because of this online shopping will fall behind the traditional shopping market, at least for now. It is a personal preference when it comes to choosing the two different shopping methods. Just like anything else they have their pros and they have their cons. Just remember to shop the way you feel comfortable and you will automatically become a smart and knowledgeable shopper. Happy shopping!!!
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and the journey throughou essays
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and the journey throughou essays Journey is a word that can be used to describe a physical travel, a switch from different mental states, or even a change in personality. In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, journey is used in all these contexts. The theme of journey is evident and is significant throughout the novel. According to Dictionary.com, the definition of journey is The act of traveling from one place to another. [. . .] A process or course likened to traveling; a passage: the journey of life. Plots like the one in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are characteristics of a special type of novel, the picaresque novel. This particular form of the roman adventures may be defined as The prose autobiography of a real or fictitious personage who describes his experiences as a social parasite, and who satirizes the society which he has exploited. (Picaresque Novel) The 1911 Edition Encyclopedia, April 7, 2004 1911encyclopedia.org. There is no doubt that Mark Twain borrowed from the traditions of the picaresque novel, especially from Don Quixote. Consequently, a series of physical journeys occur in the novel. One example of a physical journey is Hucks move from the sivilized Widow Douglas house in the community to the unclean, uncivilized home setting of Hucks father, Pap. So he watched out for me one day in the spring, and catched me, and took me up the river about three mile in a skiff, and crossed over to the Illinois shore where it was woody and there warn't no houses but an old log hut in a place where the timber was so thick you couldn't find it if you didn't know where it was. (Huckleberry Finn, 18). Another physical journey in the novel is Huck and Jims traveling from Hannibal, Missouri to Pikesville, Arkansas. The reader is taken on a tumultuous journey from Hannibal, Missouri to Pikesville, Arkansas that gives as much attention to th...
Monday, October 21, 2019
Correlation between Resistivity and dopant concentration essays
Correlation between Resistivity and dopant concentration essays From observation alone, we can notice that the higher the concentration, the lower the resistivity. This is consistent with the Drude model, which states that the higher the concentration of conducting charges is, the higher conductivity would result. In this case, where the dopant is boron which has only three electrons in its outmost shell, the conducting would be predominantly holes, while electron conduction could only account for small part of conductivity. So theoretically, we can just consider the contribution of holes. However, we would expect some deviation due to this approximation. Among all the samples, the ones with lower dopant concentration would be expected to have more contribution from electrons, which means the resistivity would be lower than the theoretical result. Moreover, according to formula for calculation of resistivity , the tips of probes would have large resistivity, which in return depends on the extend to which the probe contact with the wafer. For different wafer, errors exist. In this sense, we would not expect the logarithm graph of the experiment to be perfect linear. Impurities and the scratches on the surface may also contribute to the errors. As we stated before, the higher the concentration, the lower the resistivity. For high concentration samples, the resistivity would be small so that the small change in current does not result in much change in voltage determined, according to the formula V=IR. We would expect the voltage readings to be quite stable. In contrast, for lower concentration samples, resistivity would be larger, and the voltage would be easily affected. So we would expect it fluctuate from time to time, as we observed in the experiment. Furthermore, because the lab has a lot of electronic appliances, such as handphones and computers, which would exert an electromagnetic field to their ambience (in fact the apparatus is just beside a computer), the Hall effect would occur ...
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