The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman - 846 Words

The dignified journey of the admirable story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† created by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, gave the thought whether or not the outcome was influenced by female oppression and feminism. Female oppression and feminist encouraged a series of women to have the freedom to oppose for their equal rights. Signified events in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† resulted of inequality justice for women. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave the reader different literary analysis to join the unjustifiable lifestyle the unidentified woman in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† had to go through and escalated to insanity. Therefore, symbolism, irony, and foreshadowing help prove the unequal rights and escalating stigma of her mental disorder. During the era of the late nineteenth century, occurred a diplomatic system of society called patriarchy. The egoistic systematic organization empowered men to move freely while women have no choice but to feel imprisoned in their own household. Therefore, led men to decide what was best for their wives, such as, taking their postpartum wives into a treatment called rest cure. Nadkarni states â€Å"the text of women s struggles against the patriarchal structures that constrict them† (2). The patriarchs strictly forbid any women to express their reliance towards men. However, feminist-identified female novelist heroine, because of their rebellion well to exploit women’s undesirable rights through their signified stories. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The YellowShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman885 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a stigma around mental illness and feminism. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the 1900’s. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has many hidden truths within the story. The story was an embellished version her own struggle with what was most likely post-partum depression. As the story progresses, one can see that she is not receiving proper treatment for her depression and thus it is getting worse. Gilman uses the wallpaper and what she sees in it to symbolize her desire to escapeRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are flawed individuals. Although flaws can be bad, people learn and grow from the mistakes made. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, gives one a true look at using flaws to help one grow. Gilman gives her reader’s a glimpse into what her life would have consisted of for a period of time in her life. Women were of little importance other than to clean the house and to reproduce. This story intertwines the reality of what the lives of woman who were considered toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pagesas freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, both of these elements are present. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are taken. Gilman had, too, had firsthand experience with the physician in the story. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s believes that there really was no difference in means of way of thinking between men or women is strongly. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman whoRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1547 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman s career as a leading feminists and social activist translated into her writing as did her personal life. Gilman s treatment for her severe depression and feelings of confinement in her marriage were paralleled by the narrator in her shorty story, The Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her parents, Mary Fitch Perkins and Fredrick Beecher Perkins, divorced in 1869. Her dad, a distinguished librarian and magazine editorRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman2032 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a poem about women facing unequal marriages, and women not being able to express themselves the way they want too. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860, and died in 1935. This poem was written in 1892. When writing this poem, women really had no rights, they were like men’s property. So writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† during this time era, was quite shocking and altered society at the time. (Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Feminization ofRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman904 Words   |  4 Pagescom/us/definiton/americaneglish/rest-cure?q=rest+cure). Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper as a reflection of series of events that happened in her own life. Women who fought the urge to be the typical stereotype were seen as having mental instabilities and were considered disobedient. The societal need for women to conform to the standards in the 1800s were very high. They were to cook, clean and teach their daughters how to take care of the men. Gilman grew up without her father and she vowedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story of a woman s psychological breakdown, which is shown through an imaginative conversation with the wallpaper. The relationship between the female narrator and the wallpaper reveals the inner condition of the narrator and also symbolically shows how women are oppressed in society. The story, read through a feminist lens, reflects a woman s struggle against the patriarchal power structure. In the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat wallpaper as I did?† the woman behind the pattern was an image of herself. She has been the one â€Å"stooping and creeping.† The Yellow Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, three characters are introduced, Jane (the narrator), John, and Jennie. The Yellow Wallpaper is an ironic story that takes us inside the mind and emotions of a woma n suffering a slow mental breakdown. The narrator begins to think that another woman is creeping around the room behind the wallpaper, attemptingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1704 Words   |  7 PagesEscaping The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) whom is most acclaimed for her short story The Yellow Wallpaper (1891) was a women’s author that was relatively revolutionary. Gilman makes an appalling picture of captivity and confinement in the short story, outlining a semi-personal photo of a young lady experiencing the rest cure treatment by her spouse, whom in addition to being her husband was also her therapist. Gilman misused the rest cure in The Yellow Wallpaper to alarm otherRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman948 Words   |  4 Pagesthis and in ways that lead them to depression, anxiety, who knows what else. In the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman the main character, Jane, faces those terrible things that eventually lead her to becoming insane. The traits that make up who Jane is, provides the readers with the importance of her identity throughout the story and they also make up the context of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaperà ¢â‚¬ . Trying to free herself from her nervous depression, Jane is propelled into insanity. The

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Issues in Divorce Essay - 2330 Words

During the Medieval times, when the Catholic Church was as influential as it has ever been, marriages very rarely ended up in divorce. There were many married couples who would end up separated and live apart, but due to the rules of many religions, very few actually went through and became divorced. In present times, things are very different. Divorce rates have continued to climb through the centuries as religion has had less of a pull on people’s lives. More and more couples have entered into marriages that simply could not last for the long-term. This can be due to many different factors, including more relaxed divorce laws, women having more of a say in family matters than they did in the past, and changes in society’s acceptance†¦show more content†¦These numbers are very different from what they would have looked like only a hundred years ago. One thing that has not changed though is that religions continue to treat divorce very different from one another. The majority of Christian denominations treat divorce in a mostly negative manner, though many of them differ in the actual way they treat it. The Roman Catholic Church will not allow a married couple to become divorced and also will not allow anyone who was previously in a marriage that ended in divorce to remarry (Lehmkuhl, 1909). This is because the Catholic Church considers all consummated marriages to be a life-long union that cannot be broken. It also allows for marriages to become annulled as long as the couple has not yet consummated their marriage (Lehmkuhl, 1909). Other Christian Churches such as the Eastern Orthodox Church are more lenient towards couples seeking a divorce than the Catholic Church in that it will allow couples to get a divorce and also permits people to remarry after already having been divorced (â€Å"Marriage In The†, 2010). Similarly, most Protestant Churches will also allow divorces as well as remarriage after divorce (â€Å"Comp arison Table Between†, 2010). Despite this, these Churches still do not have a very positive view towards divorce and certainly prefer for it not to happen. Religions other than Christianity also have differing views on divorce. Judaism is much more accepting of divorce than most Christian ChurchesShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Divorce And Divorce Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesIt is common gossip that half of marriages end in divorce. But this gossip is more true than most would assume. One in every one hundred marriages in North Carolina as well as a genuine half of marriages across the United States end in divorce and, according to Jennifer Lansford, â€Å"50% of American children will experience their parents’ divorce† (140). This rate of separation is essentially a heads-or-tails on marriages to determine whether or not they will work out and if a child will be affectedRead MoreThe Issue Of Divorce And Remarriage1081 Words   |  5 Pagesthe dilemma of div orce and remarriage. Divorce rates have skyrocketed in recent years and Canadian statistics indicate that four out of ten marriages will end in divorce. So there is a good possibility that there are some people sitting in church today that have been affected by divorce and remarriage. You may be recently divorced and considering remarriage or you may, in fact, have already remarried. You may be presently in a relationship with someone who has gone through a divorce and you may beRead MoreDivorce Is A Rising Issue929 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce is a rising issue in the U.S. Many of us think of divorce as a taboo topic. Something that should not be spoken of or feel comfortable with. In fact, some may act out of character when they hear anything related with divorce. It really is not a thing to talk about because of its negativity and is not really brought up in a social setting because of the bad atmosphere it gives off. Although we might say divorce is a terrible thing, we should take into consideration how we can possible helpRead MoreThe Issue Of Marriage And Divorce1490 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage and divorce has always been a tricky subject for many couples, the fear of rejection, starting a family or hurting their other counterpart can come to play in many situations throughout their relationship. Traditionally marriages were known to be a sacred bond between two individuals. This bond can be between two heterosexuals or two individuals of the same sex. On May 17th, 2004 Massachusetts became the first state to allow all same-sex marriages (Dinno 2013). In Canada same-sex marriagesRead MoreDivorce Is A Social Issue1774 Words   |  8 Pagesfamily with divorced parents, before divorce was seen as unacceptable and a disgrace to the family, but in today’s society, it is more acceptable, and common. Divorce does not just affect the two married people, but it also affects any children they may have. To fully understand how divorce affects children , one must the history of divorce, the changes in the child’s or children’s life, and the effects those changes may bring. Divorce is a rising social issue in the United States of America, butRead MoreDivorce : A Legal Issue982 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce legalize a state of discord between the couple, it leads to a release of the climate of dispute and creates new domestic structures of coexistence between parents and children. Recovering from a divorce is a separate process, not only for each individual but also for each sex. Women are twice as likely to initiate divorce because they are more likely to recognize problems in the marriage. Most divorcing couples expect to go through a difficult adjustment period immediately after the marriageRead MoreDivorce : A Major Sociological Issue1080 Words   |  5 PagesRebecca Eron Mrs. Small Social Issue paper 21 November 2014 Divorce Problem Statement: Divorce is a major sociological issue. Divorce rates continue to rise annually and more and more the definition of ‘family’ begins to change. Around 40% of marriages ended in divorce in 2004 (West). This is an epidemic that at one point shocked many People. While, divorce use to be socially and for many, religiously unacceptable it is becoming more and more a social norm. Even though it is becoming more commonRead MoreDivorce Is A Huge Issue Of Concern1622 Words   |  7 PagesDivorce is a huge issue of concern in the UK as in the rate in which couples divorce is rapidly increasing . More than half of the couples in the UK had at least one child aged under 16 in 2007.The number of divorces in England and wales have increased to a total of 118,140 divorces in 2012, which is an increase of 0.5 percent since 2011.Statistics showed that women were allowed 65 percent of all divorces , 9,703 men and 6,026 women aged over 60 got divorced. It has also shown that 42 percent of Read MoreDivorce Issues Essay examples1567 Words   |  7 PagesDivorce Issues Divorce is an epidemic that draws no boundaries between any particular race, ethnicity, or class. Although there is no group exempt from the possibility and reality of divorce, there are certain noticeable trends among specific groups and classifications of people whom are directly affected by divorced. Statistics show that twenty-five percent of all married couplesRead MoreEthical Issues Of Divorce Mediation1858 Words   |  8 PagesI chose Ethical issues/concerns in divorce mediation and how to deal with them because ethics these days seem to vary depending on religious beliefs, upbringing, or even the possibility that someone never had any to begin with. Divorce can already be an emotional rollercoaster for the parties, when there is a question of ethic this could add to the tough decisions that need to be made. Some who is becoming or is a Mediator needs to have strong ethical judgements because there are times that as a

The Great Depression In The 1930S Ultimately Began Due

The Great Depression in the 1930s ultimately began due to the economy in the past decade. The Roaring Twenties was a decade filled with underground bars, voiding prohibition, jazz music, and elegance. People made their own rules and created their own fashion. October 29th, 1929, also known as â€Å"Black Tuesday† is the day that the roaring twenties ended with a screeching halt. This decade had been a haven for the stock markets. Black Tuesday occurred just after the day that the sellers traded in their stocks due to the panic of the falling market The name they gave this day was â€Å"Black Thursday†. After these dark days in America, the stock markets had officially crashed and sent America’s economy plunging down the drain. The Wall†¦show more content†¦African American’s incomes and wages were at the bottom of the scale, and they faced continuous discrimination in finding jobs and relief. Not only was race an issue, gender started to play a role in society as well. What had been a predominantly white, male enclave was poised to become a mixed-gender workplace as young women were recruited into the labor force in ever increasing numbers. In the 1920’s women accounted for more than 50% of all textile workers; in clothing more 90%; in tobacco more than 80%; and in paper manufacturing and printing almost 45% of the workforce. Women’s wages were low alike the African Americans. When money became scarce, purchasing clothes was out of the question. Dresses began to be made from chicken feed bags. This had an effect on gender because women had been living in lavish for a decade and they were now forced to make use of every item that had, although, their resourcefulness was much to their benefit. The Great Depression started to affect school systems and children throughout the world. In Norfolk, William Robinson, recalled the nearly starving black children around Suffolk who were not going to school because they had no clothes and who were without medical services. The lack of clothing and medical care soon became an affect that the Great Depression had on race. African Americans were the first to go without food, clothes, and education. NorfolkShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Of The 1930s Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Crisis of 2008 in Comparison to the Great Depression of the 1930s Introduction The economic crisis’ of the 1930s and 2000s greatly impacted the United Sates (U.S) and the world. The Great Depression and Global Crisis were both major economic crisis’s the originated in the United States and spread to foreign markets around the world. The Great Depression is regarded as the biggest economic downturn, due to many factors like the stock market crash. The Global Crisis on the other hand, was aRead MoreImpact of the Great Depression on Chile and Peru1399 Words   |  6 Pagesinauguration speech at the onset of the Great Depression, while also describing the melancholy and hopelessness that many citizens felt. This sentiment, however, was not just confined to the United States—the impact of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 had also reverberated throughout Latin America, and very few countries escaped the ensuing economic depression unscathed, including the Latin American nations of Chile and Peru. However, while the Great Depression adversely affect ed the economy and politicsRead MoreFascism : An Authoritarian And Nationalistic Right Wing System Of Government And Social Organization1581 Words   |  7 PagesFascism is an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organisation. The ideology had influence in countries such as Japan, Italy and Germany during the 1930s and 40s. The term was first used of the totalitarian right-wing nationalist regime of Mussolini in Italy from 1922-43. However, generally key components of the ideology include a supremacy of one national ethnic group within society, a contempt for democracy, an insistence on obedience to a powerful leaderRead MoreGangster Films In The 1920s1281 Words   |  6 Pagesgangster film would be continuously popular into the 1930s, reflecting the sentiments of society as the sunset on a golden age and faded into the dark night that was the Great Depression. However, it would also be during this decade that several crucial events would take place that would cause the movie gangster to take on another form. Thus, it was the societal changes that emerged in light of Prohibition and later during the Great Depression that would most significantly shape the development andRead MoreCauses Of Great Depression Of The 1930s1173 Words   |  5 Pages Causes of the Great Depression Khalid Mohamed 500710091 DR. M. Jolly ECN 220: Evolution Of Global Economy â€Å"Analyze the causes of the Great Depression of the 1930s. Do you feel that this was caused primarily by weaknesses in the economy of the United States or by structural weaknesses in the international economy?† The Great Depression The Great Depression, was a phenomenal incident that was caused by multiple factors, it is considered one of the most tragic downfalls inRead MoreEffects Of Drought On The Great Depression1292 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 1930s, drought maintained its negative influence in all of the Plains for nearly 10 years. The drought’s primary characteristics of damage are regarded as agricultural for the most part. High temperatures, lack of rain, insect infestations, and heavy winds all in unison with the dust storms that accompanied these detrimental instances damaged countless crops. In addition to the Great Depression’s bank closures, various economic damages, increased unemployment, and other hardships, the agriculturalRead MoreCapitalism and the Great Depression Essay example1173 Words   |  5 Pagesover their own market and reap the most benefits. Capitalism began to strive with the development of mass production, which was â€Å"the method of producing goods in large q uantities at low cost per unit.†1 The economy was booming, and it appeared as if there was no end in sight. However, capitalism and mass production both have their downfalls, and both were witnessed in the 1930s in the form of the Great Depression. The Great Depression lasted over a decade and was ended with much help from World WarRead MoreThe Cause and Effects of the Great Depression Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesspeculate that the stock market crash of 1929 was the main cause of The Great Depression. In fact, The Great Depression was caused by a series of factors, and the effects of the depression were felt for many years after the stock market crash of 1929. By looking at the stock market crash of 1929, bank failures, reduction of purchasing, American economic policy with Europe, and drought conditions, it becomes apparent that The Great Depression was caused by more than just the stock market crash. The effectsRead MoreEconomics...In Real Life1567 Words   |  7 Pages market crashed and the country was plummeted in to a time of misery and uncertainty called the Great Depression. The ten year span from 1929 until 1939 is one of the worst episodes the United States has ever experienced; it held a great shortage in the money supply, massive unemployment, and despair and doubt for all of the people who lived through it. Frederick Lewis Allen’s book Since Yesterday: the 1930s in America gives a wonderful depiction of exactly what went on during this period of time inRead MoreThe Influence Of Classism : A Poor Economy, Outdated Health Care Programs, And Classism1337 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the means of external factors; circumstances they can not control. Harper Lee’s book, To Kill a Mockingbird, conveys a powerful message demonstrating how people can become divided and deprived due to issues that affect a community. The message is appealing because the book is set in the 1930s; however, some of the very same issues are taking root in today s society. The community of Maycomb, Alabama, as described in the book was not a very wealthy area. Families such as the Cunningham’s

Legal Obligations in Preparing Tender Documentation

Questions: You are employed as a contract manager for Transport Australia (TA) you are required to prepare tender documentation for a universal ticketing system the system is quite complex and it requires substantial investment in novel transport modes and associated hardware and software. You have a limited budget to prepare tender specification and are told that any failings in the tender package may be covered by a Disclaimer Clause. 1. What are your legal obligations in preparing tender documentation? Describe the obligations and what legal responsibilities you have to the tenderers. Is there are contract with all the tenderers. 2. What are disclaimer clauses and in what circumstances may they be effective 3. You notice that you have in the past done some consultancy to one of the tenderers Dominant Systems (DS) What are your obligations in assessing the tender and duties to other tenderers 4. One of the tenderers provides further information after the tender is closed. What are your legal obligations and options? Answer: 1. Legal obligations in preparing tender documentation There were no legal obligations in a tender earlier as they were not considered to be binding legally. But the courts started to recognize the contractual nature of the tender and the relationship of the parties involved in it. There is an implied obligation between the parties to a contract (Hughes Aircraft Systems International v. Airservices Australia, [1997]), if they intended to create a contractual relationship. Tender documents contains conditions of the contract and various other specific criterias, these conditions and criterias become a part of the contract, and it important that to draft them diligently. The things that need to be kept in mind to draft a tender document as it has been recognized to be as legally binding are (Carter, 2013): the rules which will apply to the tender process; the rights of the tendering party to terminate the tender and the liabilities of the tenderers. In IPEX ITG Pty Ltd v State of Victoria, (2010) the courts have revised the implication of drafting of a tender document, the court sets out various points to make a tender document legally binding if there exists a process contract. Key points are: A process contract arises if the tender document contains the requirements that are to be fulfilled by the tenderers in making the submissions for the tender and the conditions of evaluation (Bailey, Bell and Bell, 2011). If the principle does not intend to create a process contract then the draft must be made accordingly. The breach of the process contract can be made enforceable by the principal by creating a provision for reserving the rights I such a matter by the principal. The tender document must contain the rights of the principal along with the terms and conditions of the contract, along with a negotiations provision. The method of evaluation must not be inconsistent with the representations that the principal has made. Any departure from the RFTs process of evaluation must be mentioned in the tender itself. The process contract is with all the tenderers as the tender has been provided to all those who accepts it. Hence, as the tender is accepted it creates a legal relationship between the parties to the process contract. 2. What are disclaimer clauses and in what circumstances may they be effective. Disclaimer clauses are those clauses that the principal (tendering party) puts in the tender document to exclude some conditions or a part of the tender document from forming a part of the process contract. Such disclaimer clauses are made to protect the rights of the principal and in case there is a breach of the terms of the contract then the principal has the right to invalidate the entire tender (Ciro and Symes, 2012). These disclaimer clauses protect the principal when there is a change brought to the tender, because if the principal makes certain representations and they are false or they are not abided by then the principal can get into trouble for misleading and deceptive conduct under section 18 of the Australian Consumer Law. Hence disclaimer clauses for reserving the rights of the parties need to be added. In J S McMillan v Commonwealth of Australia [1997] FCA 619, the proposal to the tender had pricing mistakes which were later rectified by t tenderer, but the court held that Commonwealth of Australia misled McMillan (tenderer) by not stating that saying that if there is a failure in correcting the errors would invalidate the contract. Hence, the tenderers tender cannot be dismissed. Disclaimer clauses can also be in the form of a privilege clause, which reserves the rights of the principal to make changes. In Halifax (Regional Municipality) v Amber Contracting Limited (2009) court held that the tendering party has the right to reserve privileges to it (Haar and Haar, 2010). 3. Obligations in assessing the tender and duties to other tenderers The obligations in assessing the tender are that it must create a legal relationship between the parties and a process contract is created. The duties of the principal towards the tenderers are to maintain fairness, disclosure and not to mislead or deceive them. If the principal receives a benefit from a tenderer whose tender has not been accepted then such a tenderer must be provided with some recitative payment for the work done. In Hughes Aircraft Systems International v. Airservices Australia, (1997) case the court held that silence and non disclosure in case there are some changes to the process of tendering could lead to misleading and deceptive conduct (Latimer, 2010). 4. One of the tenderers provides further information after the tender is closed. What are your legal obligations and options? Information provided after the tender is closed can lead to breach of the tender and could invalidate the process tender, unless otherwise provided. This is because the principal has a right to terminate if there are any inconsistencies in the tender process contract. In JJ Richards Sons Pty Ltd v Bowen Shire Council (2008), the tendering party terminated the tender and invited new tender invitations, after one of the tenderer submitter the tender late. Another tenderer claimed that the tendering party cannot terminate it, but the court held that the tendering party reserves the rights of terminating the tender at any time (Turner and Trone, 2013). Is there a contract that applies to all the tenderers? Explain The terms of the tender document shall speak if there is a contract or not as in certain cases it has been held that the principal might not intend to create a process contract. But if there is a process contract then the contract applies to all the tenderers and not to selected tenderers (Vickery and Flood, 2012). Can you claim the costs expended in the preparation of the tender? A tenderer is not entitled to the costs it expended in preparing an unsuccessful tender but a tenderer might be eligible for restitution of the payment that it incurred for the work done if the tendering party has received some benefit out of that work (Sealy and Hooley, 2009). You find that one of the directors of Tickets-R-Us previously worked for the government agency letting the tender. Actions taken in reviewing the tender process and further information required to assess whether it is appropriate to review the tender process In this situation the tender process can be reviewed and the information about the changes needs to be made to all the tenderers. But such a review is warranted only if the tender document has already reserved the rights of principal for making any change to the process contract. In the pocess of assessment of the tender modifications can be made if the assessment is done in good faith. In Pratt Contractors Ltd v Transit New Zealand (2003), the court held the change in assessment to be valid as it was done in good faith, which means acting honestly and treating all the tenderers equally (Andrews, 2013). You also find that Universal Systems was provided with some further information not available to the other two tenderers. What action can you take to review the tender? Tender can be reviewed in the light of acting in good faith as to providing all the tenderers an equal opportunity, as was held in Pratt Contractors Ltd v Transit New Zealand (2003) (Adriaanse, 2010). References Cases: Superior IP International Pty Ltd v Ahearn Fox Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys (2012) FCA (Federal Court of Australia), p. 282 Hooper Bailie Associated Ltd v Natcon Group Pty Ltd (1992) NSWLR, p.210 Aiton Australian Pty Ltd v Transfield Pty Ltd (1999) 153 FLR 236 Von Schultz v Attorney-General (2000) QCA 406 Statutes: Commercial Arbitration Act 2010 Arbitration (Civil Actions) Act 1983 (NSW) Ethical Guidelines for Mediators ( Law Council of Australia) 2011 Books Adriaanse, J. (2010).Construction contract law. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Alexander, N. (2009).International and comparative mediation. Austin: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Andrews, N. (2013).Contract law. Cambridge University Press. Bailey, I. and Bell, M. (2008).Understanding Australian construction contracts. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters. Bailey, I., Bell, M. and Bell, C. (2011).Construction law in Australia. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. Brooker, P. (2013).Mediation Law: Journey Through Institutionalism to Juridification. Routledge. Carter, J. (2013).The construction of commercial contracts. Oxford: Hart Pub. Ciro, T. and Symes, C. (2012).Corporations law. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited. Cole, S., McEwen, C., Rogers, N., Coben, J., Thompson, P. and Callaghan, C. (2011).Mediation. Eagan, MN: West. Davenport, P. (2010). Practical Guide to Engineering and Construction Contracts.AJCEB, 10(4), p.75. Haar, R. and Haar, C. (2010).Remedies in construction law. London: Informa Law. Latimer, P. (2010).Australian business law 2012. North Ryde, N.S.W.: CCH Australia. Legg, M. (2013).Mass Settlements in Australia. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Sealy, L. and Hooley, R. (2009).Commercial law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Spencer, D. and Altobelli, T. (2005).Dispute resolution in Australia. Sydney: Lawbook Co. Spencer, D. and Brogan, M. (2006).Mediation law and practice. New York: Cambridge University Press. Turner, C. and Trone, J. (2013).Australian commercial law. Sydney: Lawbook Co. Vickery, R. and Flood, M. (2012).Australian business law. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia.

Nursing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Question: Discuss about the Nursingfor Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. Answer: In the simulation experience, the scenario of Mr. Bright has been demonstrated. Mr. Bright is a 65 years old male, with a history of hypertension and DMII, who have recently undergone an angioplasty. Being a simulation participant I have been asked to take care of the patient. In this context, I need to include post-operative or post-angioplasty assessment and proper nursing care to reduce side effects and maximise the heath care outcomes of angioplasty. In this context, we need to present a set of nursing clinical practice guidelines for individuals undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs), which has been provided in the article by (Rolley et al., 2011). The authors at first mentioned the need for vital sign observation of the patient, which is an important aspect of PCI care. In this context, ST segment elevation is an important aspect, which can detect acute ischemic changes. Thus, ECG and cardiac enzyme measurements should be done at proper intervals. In the case of patients with stable angina undergoing PCI, it is crucial to routinely screen c-troponin rise post-procedurally. In addition, patients should be monitored for the signs of localised puncture site complications including bleeding, swelling, haematoma, ecchymosis along with limb circulation observation (Khan et al., 2011). In addition, peripheral pulses, i.e. warmth, capillary return, colour and sensations should be monitored properly. Authors also provided sheath removal pain management interventions to control pain after sheath removal. The study found strategies to achieve haemostasis for reducing post PCI vascular complication, which included arterial closure devices with standard compression. Patient's positioning is another key aspect of post-angioplasty management (Wald et al., 2013). The guideline development process identified a preference for laying the patient flat, whereas other research found reduced back discomfort and reduced vascular complications, through patients position change regularly and head of bed slowly elevated to 30. In secondary prevention of post-angioplasty complication guidelines, for chest pain action plan, the use of nitrate has been recommended after discharge along with seeking emergency assistance, when needed (Gallagher et al., 2011). Therefore, from the above article, it has been found that the chest pain of Mr. Bright was significantly assessed in the simulation; soon it was reported by the patient. According to the recommendations in the paper, I have assessed ECG, troponin level and vital signs thoroughly. According to his medical documentations, it has been revealed that the patient has already experienced myocardial ischemia, which made the PCI difficult. Thus, his chest pain is related to PCI complications. These observations and assessment data are crucial in Mr. Brights care plan. On the other hand, I have also done the assessment of the wound has also been done during simulation, which has been indicated as a vital step in the guidelines provided by Rolley et al., (2011). The femoral puncture causes hematoma or haemorrhage, which can lead to significant blood loss. After surgery, I assessed Mr. Bright for the absence of ooze, redness, warmth and absence of bleeding. Pain at the femoral site and bilateral dorsalis pulse had been observed. However, I missed assessing sensation of two feet. After reporting the chest pain, I assessed swelling of the puncture site, measuring the bleeding size and presence of pain from the surgical wound (Bonati et al., 2012). In the next article by Chang et al., (2016), neurovascular assessment is one of the important assessment criteria in the patient undergoing PCI to identify related complications and its proper resource. However, I have not performed the neurovascular assessment of Mr. Bright properly during the simulation. Femoral bleeding can cause hematoma formation, which can compress the femoral nerve. This nervous damage can be detected through a neurovascular assessment, i.e. capillary refill, skin colour, dosalis pulse, pain, discomfort, sensation and motor function observation are important in this assessment (Roffi et al., 2015). Although I have measured pain and surgical wound properly during simulation, other neurovascular assessments were not done. On the other hand, Mr. Bright is a diabetes type 2 patients, which also increases the chance of reduced rate of surgical wound recovery and can promote femoral nerve damage due to femoral bleeding (De Luca et al., 2013). Although his blood gluc ose level was normal, his medication order was not monitored whether these were withdrawn or not during simulation. It is because; all these symptoms together can adversely for promoting kidney damage (Rear, Bell Hausenloy, 2016). Thus, it can be said that missed diagnosis might lead to misdiagnosis or increased severity of the disease. Identify- Hi! This is Miss X., the RN of surgical ward QUT, I am the taking care of Mr. Bright, a post-angioplasty patient in the current shift. The patient was stable upon surgery with no pain or swollen surgical site. However, recently, I noticed a significant chest pain in the patient and I want to inform you about this post-surgical chest pain. His details are mentioned below: Full name- Mr. Harry Bright DOB- 20th May, 1950 URN- Situation- Mr. Bright reported a chest pain during recovery and he was administered with nitroglycerin spray sublingually X 1, which resolved the pain. Currently, he is not experiencing pain. Upon his transfer to the ward, he reported severe pain, which was radiating from left hand to his back. Background- Mr. Bright is a 65 years old male with the medical history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus symptoms are well controlled through medications and diet. He is also a chain smoker, i.e. smoking 20 cigarettes per day and has habits of alcohol consumption. Recently, he has experienced unstable angina. His medical history indicated 3/12 unstable angina while doing gardening and watching TV. The pain radiates from left arm to left jaw. The patient has been admitted to QUT hospital for performing a PTCI on 16th Jan 2016. On assessment, his blood pressure was shown to be slight high, i.e. 150/90 and BGL was 10 mmol/l, in the normal range. In the operation theatre, the PTCI was performed, where his right femoral artery was punctured by the use of 6 French sheaths, where a drug eluting Stent was placed in the right coronary artery, with 10 % residual stenosis at the site. It was reported that the procedure was difficult and recommended for cont inuous ECG monitoring. In recovery, his sheath on the right Femoral surgical wound was removed in recovery, when he reported chest pain. After informing the doctor, he was administered with nitroglycerin spray sublingually X 1, which resolved the pain. He returned to the ward at 16.50 hours; he was conscious and alert. At that time, he was assessed and no pain at the site was revealed, no swelling or haematoma and very small wound ooze were revealed. His pulse rate was also observed. He has got normal saline IV line with a rate of 100 ml/hr. I performed an ECG, which showed normal results. According to the nursing care plan, I was monitoring his vital signs over every 30 minutes. Assessment- Mr. Bright reported chest pain against at 17.30 hours. I measured his pain score, which was 6 and blood pressure was high, i.e. 170/100, his pulse was also deteriorated with increased heart rate, HR was 26 and body temperature was 37.3 In this context, when I assessed his surgical site, no hematoma, colour change or pain had been observed. He also reported nausea and pain radiation towards the back (Benner, Hooper-Kyriakidis Stannard, 2011). I also attempted to consider his position; I did not allow him to sit straight, as at his situation it is not recommended to sit patient at an angle greater than 30 degrees. Recommendations- At this situation, I am going to administer nitroglycerin spray and complete his neurovascular assessment after the routine interval. I will attempt to keep Mr Brights airway clear. In addition, I will thoroughly assess his pain with the pain scale and attempt to inform doctor, when the pain score is increased or decreased. To reduce pain, with the consultation of the doctor, I would administer morphine and metoclopramide, based on Mr. Brights assessment (Abid et al., 2015). As he is having significant pain radiating towards the back, I assumed that he might have hematoma or bleeding, which I need to assess. For this, I suggest ordering further diagnostic tests including an ECG, Doppler, angiography or troponin. Finally, a doctor visit would be confirmed. It is required for ensuring that the nursing diagnosis and care procedures are appropriate for improving Mr. Brights condition and what more advanced care procedures should be implemented for Mr. Brights recovery. Reference List Abid, S., Shuaib, W., Ali, S., Evans, D. D., Khan, M. S., Edalat, F., Khan, M. J. (2015). Chest pain assessment and imaging practices for nurse practitioners in the emergency department. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 37(1), 12-22. doi: 10.1097/TME.0000000000000048 Benner, P. E., Hooper-Kyriakidis, P. L., Stannard, D. 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